Artillery from San Juan's fort, El Morro, repelled Drake however, Clifford managed to land troops and lay siege to the city. San Juan underwent attacks from the English led by Sir Francis Drake in 1595 (in what is known as the Battle of Puerto Rico) and by George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, in 1598. Because of the rich cargoes, San Juan became a target of the foreign powers of the time. Because of its prominence in the Caribbean, a network of fortifications was built to protect the transports of gold and silver from the New World to Europe. San Juan, as a settlement of the Spanish Empire, was used by merchant and military ships traveling from Spain as the first stopover in the Americas. The ambiguous use of San Juan Bautista and Puerto Rico for both the city and the island in time led to a reversal in practical use by most inhabitants: by 1746 the name for the city (Puerto Rico) had become that of the entire island, leading to the city being identified as Puerto Rico de Puerto Rico on maps of the era. Many of the oldest European-founded institutions in the Western Hemisphere, such as the Santo Tomás de Aquino Convent and the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción Hospital, were established during this time in San Juan.
In 1521, the newer settlement was given its formal name: Ciudad de Puerto Rico de San Juan Bautista. The local Catholic diocese, the second oldest in the Americas and the oldest in the United States, was founded in the newly built settlement on August 8 of 1511. A year later, the settlement was moved to a site then called Puerto Rico, Spanish for "rich port" or "good port", after its similar geographical features to the town of Puerto Rico de Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands. Today, it is part of the Pueblo Viejo district of Guaynabo, directly to the west of the modern municipality of San Juan.
It was named after the province of Cáceres in Spain, the birthplace of Nicolás de Ovando, then the Governor of Spain's Caribbean territories. In 1508, Juan Ponce de León founded the original settlement which he called Caparra. The ruins of Juan Ponce de León's residence at Caparra This was significant for tourism, which had rebounded by October of that year and was close to the pre-Maria era. Significant progress had been made in the capital by April 2019, and particularly by October 2019. The damage caused in 2017 by Hurricane Maria was extensive.
PORT OF SAN JUAN PUERTO RICO MAP SERIES
The city has been the host of events within the sports community, including the 1979 Pan American Games 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games events of the 2006, 20 World Baseball Classics the Caribbean Series and the Special Olympics and MLB San Juan Series in 2010. San Juan is also a principal city of the San Juan-Caguas-Fajardo Combined Statistical Area. The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area, including San Juan and the municipalities of Bayamón, Guaynabo, Cataño, Canóvanas, Caguas, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Carolina and Trujillo Alto, is about 2.443 million inhabitants thus, about 76% of the population of Puerto Rico now lives and works in this area. Today, San Juan is Puerto Rico's most important seaport and is the island's financial, cultural, and tourism center. Several historical buildings are located in San Juan among the most notable are the city's former defensive forts, Fort San Felipe del Morro and Fort San Cristóbal, and La Fortaleza, the oldest executive mansion in continuous use in the Americas.
Puerto Rico's capital is the third oldest European-established capital city in the Americas, after Santo Domingo, in the Dominican Republic, founded in 1496, and Panama City, in Panama, founded in 1521, and is the oldest European-established city under United States sovereignty. San Juan was founded by Spanish colonists in 1521, who called it Ciudad de Puerto Rico ("City of Puerto Rico", Spanish for rich port city). As of the 2010 census, it is the 46th-largest city under the jurisdiction of the United States, with a population of 395,326. San Juan ( / ˌ s æ n ˈ hw ɑː n/, Spanish: "Saint John") is the capital city and most-populous municipality in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States.
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